![]() The researchers told the students that some essays and speeches were written under no-choice conditions. Jones and Harris (1967) conducted the following experiment: they asked college students to read essays or listen to speeches presumably written by fellow students. The general public is more likely to see their actions as arising from the internal character defects of those same politicians.Politicians usually explain their past blunders by reference to unavoidable external circumstances.The past acts of politicians are seen in a completely different light by the actors: Are the Politicians to Blame?Īnother example given by Jones and Nisbett (1971) is about the autobiographies of former political leaders. Here the fundamental attribution error is at play: the observer (the advisor) tends to overestimate the importance of internal factors when analyzing the behavior of someone else (the student). The advisor would overestimate the importance of internal factors, such as the student’s laziness or lack of knowledge.The student, when justifying his inadequate performance, usually points to specific external obstacles such as family issues, a large workload, emotional stress, and so on. ![]() The Lazy Student and The Judgmental AdvisorĮdward Jones and Richard Nisbett began their paper (1971) with the example of a student and an advisor. What follows is a list of five real-life and five hypothetical examples of the actor-observer bias. “actors tend to attribute the causes of their behavior to stimuli inherent in the situation, while observers tend to attribute behavior to stable dispositions of the actor” (Jones & Nisbett, 1971). These two tendencies combined are known as the actor-observer bias and were first proposed by Edward Jones and Richard Nisbett in the 1970s.
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